流感是由病毒引起的. Viruses are generally passed from person to person through the air when an infected person sneezes or coughs.

But the virus can also live for a short time on objects like doorknobs, 笔, 铅笔, 键盘, 手机, 杯子或餐具. So you can also get the flu by touching something that has been recently handled by someone infected with the virus and then touching your own mouth, 鼻子, 或眼睛.

流感的症状是什么?

每个人可能有不同的症状. 流感是一种呼吸道疾病. 但它会影响你的整个身体. 症状通常突然出现. People usually become very sick with several, or all, of these symptoms:

• 咳嗽，经常变得严重

• 极度疲惫

• 疲劳数周

• 头疼

• 高烧

• 流鼻涕或鼻塞

• 剧烈的疼痛

• 不时打喷嚏

• 有时喉咙痛

• 呕吐和腹泻

发烧和身体疼痛通常持续3至7天. 但咳嗽和疲劳可能持续两周或更长时间.

流感的症状可能看起来像其他健康问题. 请务必咨询您的医疗保健提供者以获得诊断.

如何诊断流感?

流感是根据你的症状和实验室测试来诊断的. 实验室检查包括用棉签擦拭你的鼻子来确认诊断.

如何治疗流感?

治疗取决于你的症状、年龄和总体健康状况. 这也取决于病情的严重程度.

The goal of treatment for the flu is to help prevent or decrease the severity of symptoms and any complications. 治疗包括:

• 抗病毒药物. These prescription medicines can reduce how long you’ll have the flu. 在一些高危人群中, they can also lower the risk of complications or shorten how long they last. These medicines generally have to be started within the first 2 days of the illness. But people at the highest risk for complications or those who already have them may be given the medicines even after the second day of being sick. These medicines do sometimes have side effects, such as nervousness, lightheadedness, or nausea. 但它们通常最多是温和的.

• 药物. There are over-the-counter medicines for congestion and nasal discharge. 你也可以吃药来缓解疼痛和发烧. 不要给发烧的儿童或青少年服用阿司匹林. Aspirin may cause side effects, such as an upset stomach and intestinal bleeding. 它也会引起雷氏综合症. This rare but very serious illness can affect all organs of the body. 但它最常伤害的是大脑和肝脏. 儿童和青少年的首选药物是对乙酰氨基酚.

• 休息. 卧床休息和多喝水会有帮助.

请咨询您的医疗保健提供者以获取更多信息.

流感有哪些可能的并发症?

流感会引起耳部和鼻窦感染. 流感会使慢性疾病恶化. 例如，它会导致哮喘患者发作.

流感的一个严重并发症是肺炎. Other possible serious complications include infection and inflammation of the heart (myocarditis), 大脑(脑炎), 或肌肉(肌炎或横纹肌溶解). Flu can sometimes cause a life-threatening inflammation in the body called sepsis. 败血症是一种医疗紧急情况.

流感可以预防吗?

健康 experts strongly advise that you get the flu vaccine to protect yourself and others. A new flu vaccine is made each fall to protect against the flu viruses predicted to cause outbreaks during that flu season. Everyone age 6 months or older should, with rare exceptions, get a flu shot each year. For the 2023–24 influenza season, the vaccine is available in different forms. 最常见的接种方式是注射流感疫苗. A nasal spray is also available for healthy, nonpregnant people between ages 2 and 49.

流感疫苗是安全的. CDC和FDA密切关注疫苗的安全性. Hundreds of millions of flu vaccines have been safely given across the country for decades.

流感疫苗不会让你得流感. 但有些副作用就像疾病一样. 注射流感疫苗最常见的副作用有:

• 疼痛

• 低烧

• 注射部位疼痛

If you have them at all, these side effects are usually mild and last a short time.

The effectiveness of the vaccine varies from one person to a不her. 这可能取决于年龄和整体健康状况等因素.

以下方法对预防流感也有帮助:

• 在可能的情况下，远离或限制与推荐十大正规网赌平台接触.

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water to reduce the risk of infection.

• Cover your 鼻子 and mouth when coughing or sneezing to limit the spread of the virus.

The flu causes complications that may develop into a more serious disease or become dangerous to some people. This includes older adults and those with long-term (chronic) health problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider to find out if you should get the flu shot.

虽然流感疫苗是安全的，但有些人还是应该接种 不 接种疫苗. 这些包括:

• People who have had a severe, life-threatening reaction in the past after getting the flu shot

• 6个月或以下的婴儿

Talk with your healthcare provider before getting a flu shot if:

• 你发烧了. 先和你的医生谈谈. 你可能会被建议等到你恢复后再打疫苗.

• Have had a severe paralyzing illness called Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after getting a flu shot in the past. 一些有GBS病史的人不应该接种流感疫苗.

Most flu shots and the nasal spray flu vaccine are made using egg-based technology. The flu vaccine (either egg-based or non-egg-based) is recommended even for people with egg allergies. All vaccines should be given in settings where allergic reactions can be recognized and treated quickly. 与你的医疗保健提供者谈谈你的风险. 询问哪种流感疫苗适合你.

September and October are generally good times to 接种疫苗. The CDC recommends getting the flu shot every year by the end of October. Flu season can start as early as October and most commonly peaks in the U.S. 在一月或二月. 但是流感季节是不可预测的. 流感疫苗需要一到两周才能开始起作用. 即使你不能在十月底前接种疫苗, experts still recommend getting it as long as the flu season is active.

The CDC recommends that travelers have the flu vaccine at least 2 weeks before planned travel to allow time to develop immunity. 请咨询您的医疗保健提供者以获取更多信息.

我应该什么时候给我的医疗保健提供者打电话?

For most people, the flu can be treated at home without treatment from your healthcare provider. But if you have other health problems that make you more susceptible to complications from the flu, 当你怀疑自己得了流感时，告诉你的医生. If your symptoms get worse or you have new symptoms, let your provider know.

关于流感的要点

• 流感是一种容易传播的病毒性呼吸道感染.

• The flu is caused by viruses that are generally passed from person to person through the air.

• The flu is treated with bed rest, plenty of fluids, and medicines to treat discomfort and fever.

• 抗病毒药物 taken within the first 2 days of illness can reduce the length and severity of the disease. They may also reduce the risk of complications in those at high risk.

• 每年接种流感疫苗是最好的预防措施. Flu vaccines are more important than ever because of other illnesses such as COVID-19 and RSV.